c5cfac679b European Journal of Communication. Asch conformity experiments Abilene paradox Bandwagon effect Blue wall of silence Bradley effect Bystander effect Cognitive bias Collective behavior Communal reinforcement Conformity Conspiracy of silence (expression) Flaming (Internet) Foot-in-the-door technique Group behaviour Groupthink Memory hole Opinion corridor Overton window Pluralistic ignorance Shame society Shy Tory Factor Silent majority Third rail of politics Tyranny of the majority . Assessing the climate[edit]. Your browser doesn't accept cookies. The students answered a survey over their perceptions of political silencing, classroom climate, and the climate created by the instructor. The study also tested the effect of motives, including self-efficacy and self-assurance. ; Glynn, CJ; Shanahan, J (2005b), "17", Validating the willingness to self-censor scale: Individual differences in the effect of the climate of opinion on opinion expression, pp.44355. Open expression of ideas is forbidden in some of the cultures.[85] Some cultures are more individualistic, which would support more of an individual's own opinion, while collectivist cultures support the overall group's opinion and needs.
doi:10.1177/009365090017003006. "The spiral of silence in popular culture: applying a public opinion theory to radio station popularity". When people believe they are ignorant about a topic, incapable to participate in a discussion or not equal to their peers, they tend to not even become involved in a deliberation. They try to find out which opinions and modes of behaviour are prevalent, and which opinions and modes of behaviour are becoming more popular. In contrast, where opinions are in flux, or disputed, the individual will try to find out which opinion he can express without becoming isolated. Shanahan, J; Scheufele, Dietram A; Yang, Fang; Hizi, S (2004), "Cultivation and spiral of silence effects:the case of smoking", Mass Communication and Society, 7 (4): 41328, doi:10.1207/s15327825mcs07043. The results suggest that civic engagement has a direct effect on people's willingness to express their opinions and neighborliness and trust had direct positive effects on people's perception of support for one's opinions.[39] Also, the study shows that "only a direct (but not indirect) effect of civic engagement on opinion expression further highlights a potential difference between bonding and bridging social capital".[39].
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